Banking 1 | Money, banking and central banks | Finance & Capital Markets | Khan Academy

Let” s learn a little bit
To each other and they have savings? Right now, they” re.
They ‘ re hiding it in. their yards. And they ‘ re simply accumulating.
There? That “” cash”” is doing nothing.They ‘ ve supplied some products and. services to somebody else.
Those people gave them. something, whether it ‘ s gold or a green item of’paper, that. essentially states, this gold or this green piece of.
paper qualifies you to some future products and solutions. And those people said, that” s. a valuable thing that I have.
Let me just placed it. into my mattress. There ‘ s this swimming pool of cost savings. and let ‘ s say there ‘ s this other pool of business owners. and they have a bunch of truly good ideas. for tasks. They ‘ re like, you know what? If I could simply to get– let me. place this right here: investments or jobs. Allow” s state that there ‘ s some. various other entrepreneur and he states, kid, you know what? I
have no cases on any kind of. resources and products, but I have an idea. If I could, I have a concept that.
obtain a number of people to dig canals to the plants, that we” ll. have the ability to expand even more crops throughout the year and.
we” ll all be richer due to the fact that we ‘ ll all have more food and.
that” s a real great and service in its finest sense.But exactly how am I going to get these.
people to develop this ditch for me? I mean, I could perhaps promise.
them in the future that when all of this is done, I can do.
something, provide more food, but that” s
not. the way’it works. No one ‘ s happy to help me.
unless they can really feel extremely safe and secure that they” re going
to. obtain something in return. So we have an interesting.
issue below. You have a lot of people that.
have currently given items and solutions to the globe and.
the globe has actually provided trinkets– whether it” s gold. coins or paper currency.
Allow ‘ s simply state it ‘ s. gold? And I
wish to make this factor. due to the fact that everyone always speaks about gold as if’it ‘ s something. special, as if it truly represents riches, while.
Gold is not valuable other than. That” s the only point that. In fact, it” s pretty and it ‘ s. difficult to imitation.
Paper cash– not so quite, but. it’has various other advantages. It ‘ s lighter, and a minimum of the. paper currency we make use of now, is not so very easy to counterfeit. I always intend to make that–.
individuals always somehow feel that gold is somehow better.
than paper money. And we” ll talk in the future. about inflation and depreciation and the truth that there is a.
restriction on just how much gold can be created, yet you.
can print money. However we” ll speak about that.

in a little bit.So in our contemporary world that.
financial savings are these green items of paper, but let” s say we ‘ re. speaking about some primitive society and they” re. using gold. A number of people do a. lot of solutions and goods and they obtain these. little coins.
And these coins are essentially. this society ‘ s way of concurring– if you have one of. these coins in the future, if you offer this coin to somebody. else, they ‘ ll flatter you. And how much of that coin.
you need to offer for them to do it? It” s based upon supply and need.
and cost, whatever. These projects– I claim, well.
if I just had some means of convincing somebody to dig a.
canal, it would be extremely valuable and it will.
create wide range– or dig irrigation ditches.But exactly how do I do

that? Well, if I had gold or if I. had these little coins, I could provide these coins to these.
people, they would dig the watering ditch and then.
I might charge individuals the service of using my– or maybe.
I” ll fee individuals accessibility to water and after that I could.
essentially create a return. Just how do I do that? Well, suppose I might obtain.
Some of these individuals? These individuals have these systems.
of solutions and items called a gold coin. If I might borrow some of their.
money and use it to pay people that will basically do.
And then I can share it with. Well, it” s extremely hard in a vacuum.
for these individuals to examine these jobs. And possibly these tasks, they.
put on” t require simply part of the financial savings of a single person, they.
Since it ‘ s. a big task, call for the savings of 1,000 individuals.
It ‘ s likewise hard for these individuals. to’assess that has a good project.It ‘ s hard for these individuals to. examine who has savings.
I ‘ ve buried a bunch of things in my backyard or in my. That ‘ s simply going to make.
individuals come and rob me. So I” m a 3rd business owner and.
I see an opportunity for service and I call that.
service a financial institution. And so what is a financial institution.
going to do? What is my financial institution mosting likely to do? Allow” s simply talk concerning it.
from the bare bones. Just how am I mosting likely to begin.
my organization? I” m actually one of these.

entrepreneurs.Let ‘ s say I have some financial savings,.
Let ‘ s claim I have a million
. Allow me draw my balance sheet.
Allow ‘ s state my initial balance. I” ll state a million bucks. We know that that” s. not real any longer.
construct this huge structure of solid rock that looks truly.
really safe and risk-free. I use it essentially just to.
Build a big safe? This is my equity, right,.
and I utilize it to construct a vault– a large, good, expensive.
looking building.So I ‘ ll actually draw.’the building.
It has columns in the front. It appears like an old Greek.
or Roman holy place. I believe that” s not an unintended.
look. So I construct this great looking.
constructing that people would really feel comfy keeping their.
money in– which could actually be secure for.
safekeeping. And I inform every person, appearance, I.
have this wonderful large structure. Instead of having your cash.
Everyone places their.
financial savings with me. And allow” s say that that. is $10 numerous financial savings in my village.
I have a fairly wealthy.’town.
That ‘ s $10 million.
This is an obligation. Why is it a liability? Because I
owe that.
They ‘ re offering it to. This is my responsibilities. If it wasn ‘ t just me, if there.
proprietorship so this is my equity. This is my building. I” m running a service.
here, right? I” m refraining this.
as some sort of nonprofit or charity job. What am I going to do with.
this $10 numerous deposits? Well, I informed people that.
they can take the cash out at any time. I” m taking their
money. as safekeeping.
If they put’it in and afterwards one. day they’can ‘ t obtain their refund, they ‘ re mosting likely to be.
very questionable of me. So I need to maintain some of.
the cash set apart. This might be among 3,000. or 4,000 people.
At any kind of given day, not. everyone– hopefully not everybody ‘ s– going to pull.
their cash out or place their money in. However I require to keep some cash.
reserves in case individuals want their cash back. So I need to maintain some of that.
$ 10 million in cash. So allow me do that in magenta. Let me say I want to keep.
10% of it in cash.So I ‘ m going to maintain$ 1 million. I can hopefully put to effective usage. And what I ‘ d do with that $9.
$ 9 million in financings. That ‘ s a possession? I consider that money.
to somebody else. They owe me $9 million. I” m essentially borrowing $10.
million, maintaining $1 million apart, and paying out.
$ 9 million in loans.There can be a lot of. different jobs.
There might be 100. I ‘ m not simply offering’$ 9 million. to one person.
I” m diversifying a bunch.
across a lot of various jobs. The natural concern is,.
exactly how am I making cash? Well, these finances– I” m. ideally placing them to develop watering ditches or.
build factories or do whatever, something that.
in fact is an investment, that produces a lot more value than.
it needed to launch. So I can in fact bill.
passion and that passion should be a cut of that worth.
that” s being produced. Allow” s say that I charge.
10% on this money. And simply for the purpose of it,.
allow” s say I invest really well and nobody defaults. I” m the first financial institution so I obtain all.
of the most effective investments. So I” m obtaining 10 %. And for their money, these.
people, not just do they reach maintain their cash in this.
nice, risk-free down payment, yet I” m likewise paying them 5

%. So exactly how much cash do.
I make in a year? Well, I” m making 10%. on this $9 million. What is that’? That ‘ s $900,000 a year. I ‘ m generating. And just how much am I paying. out annually? Well, 5 % of $10 million
–. I ‘ m paying $500,000. Passion revenue– $900,000. Interest cost– $500,000. That nets me $400,000. And let” s say I pay an additional.
$ 100,000 for wages and for security personnel and.
Basically, I” m. netting$ 300,000. I” m netting $300,000. I” ll do it in a little bit more.
image, I placed a million bucks in and annually, I” m. making $300,000 by providing this service– by matching.
The pie ‘ s getting bigger.
And naturally, these people. Since they get safekeeping for their, benefit. accounts and their cash is actually expanding. They ‘ re actually participating’. in this capital financial investment.
Anyhow, see you in. the next video clip
.

Let” s claim that there ‘ s some. Let ‘ s simply state it ‘ s. gold? Really, it” s quite and it ‘ s. hard to fake.
And allow” s state that that. I” m taking their
moneyCash

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